Laser Surgery :: Health Medicine Medical Essays

Laser surgery Lasers (The word laser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.) lasers were first introduced in 1960, The first successfully optical laser constructed by Maiman (1960), was a ruby crystal surrounded by a helicoilal flash tube enclosed inwardly a polished aluminum cylindrical cavity cooled by forced air. The ruby cylinder forms a Fabry-Perot cavity by optically polishing the ends to be parallel to within a third of a reellength of light. Each end was coated with evaporated silver one end was made less reflective to seize some radiation to escape as a beam was produced. Initially the laser was named the invention looking for a job. Photo-pumped by a fast cast flash-lamp, the first ruby lasers operated in pulsed mode for reasons of heat dissipation and the need for high pumping powers. Nelson and Boyle (1962) constructed a continuous lasing ruby by replacing the flash lamp with an sparkle lamp.(1) Today lasers are much like those of the early ones and they are widely used in many fields, their uses are wide spread, From fusion physics to the videodisk player these are common places where lasers are used. Medicine and surgery are no exceptions from skin resurfacing to eye surgery to correct vision. With the development of lasers Physicians have been fitted to provide treatment for a large number of medical disorders. Medical lasers have made it possible to treat conditions, which were previously untreatable or difficult to treat. To strain the most of the laser technology physicians must maintain a up to date understanding of laser systems and conditions for which each can be applied .To reach out these goals the basic terminology and fundamentals of laser-tissue interaction is needed.Before we can learn about lasers we need to know a little about light, because that is essentially what a laser is made of. First the speed of light is 3.00*10to the 8th meter per second .The American physicist Albert Miche lson found a ratio 1.33 for the speed of light c in a vacuum to the lights speed v in water. This value is equal to the index of refraction n thus n=c/v gives us a way to predict the speed of light in any material once we know its index refraction.(2) Lasers produce a intensified beam of bright light that travels in one direction. And a laser has the unique ability to produce one specific color or wave length of light which can be varied in its intensity and pulse.

General Haig a Butcher not War Hero Essay -- World War I WWI WW1 Sir D

Sir Douglas Haig was born on the 19th June 1861. The Field Marshal was very highly ranked in the duration of The Great War. Haig was a British soldier and a senior Commander of The British Expeditionary Force from the year of 1915. General Haig is nonorious for overlooking the Battle Of The Somme and also ren owned for the third battle of Ypres and various other victories leading to The Triple Ententes victory of WW1. After the war, Haig was do an Earl and also received gratified thanks from both Houses of Parliament. So, If General Haig was such a renowned role model and congratulated for aiding greatly to the victory of the cold war, wherefore on earth did some people refer to him as a Butcher? During the early stages of the war, it was classed as Stale Mate - hence the beginning of the trenches. WW1 was revolved around Static Warfare. This resulted in many deaths and injuries gaining little land each time. People believe that the listless death tolls from battles is mainly d own to Sir Douglas Haig thus creating the chassis Butcher. But what is the truth? Where the deaths just an unfortunate aspect of the war or could the high numbers nonplus been less? Many historians and common riches citizens believe General Haig saw the soldiers as pawns, metaphorically speaking, in his own route to personal glory. Haig allegedly had no pity for the high death count and devoted his care only in winning the war to make himself a hero. This is evident in The Battle Of The Somme. The battle initially began on the 1st of July with a five day bombardment of the enemy trenches. General Haig believed it would jeopardise the Germans giving the British and French divisions an advantage when the soldiers went over the top. What Haig had not count... ... potent reason for me believing this is Haig was well aware of the merciless deaths in both the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Neuve Chappelle which were occurring and the failing tactics yet did nothing to seal off this. The General stubbornly stuck to his plan so if they won the battle, he could claim it was under his lead they were successful thus helping him on his way to his own personal Glory. General Haig also blamed Sir John French for the poor reserve and lack of ammo whereas he was in lead of the battle and should have considered these aspects before he allowed his men to fight in the battles. This emphasises the point he saw the soldiers not as men, but as pawns which held less significance than himself and his pride. I also believe the power which was given to him would of not been possible if he had a lack of useful connections to people with power.

Personal Narrative - A Hasty Decision Essay -- Personal Narrative Writ

A Hasty Decision When I turned eighteen I went out and began renting my rattling own apartment. The effort I put into this task at the time seemed sufficient. I went online, found a place I liked with safe(p) location and low rent. I asked my good friend Sean to live with me to help keep costs down. Then I took care of all the utilities, gas electric, cable, phone, internet, and all the necessities. My first apartment gave me some very rough times, but from that time I learned a little about apartments and a lot about life.Things were going great for Sean and I. we had been living on our own in Tera Vida Apartments for three months and we were getting along swell. The only occasional dispute was when we would rock, paper, scissors to see who was taking out the trash. Expenses were no problem. Sean had a production line as a telemarketer and was getting weekly bonuses in excess of five hundred dollars for beating the quota. I was driving the zamboni and working in the pro sponsor of the local ice rink. The best part of all was no one was telling us to do anything at all.Almost out of nowher...

Essay on the African American Dream in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon

The African American Dream in Song of Solomon Like most Americans, African Americans have developed variations of the American Dream. more African Americans find that their dream differs from the traditional American dream in that there is no immediate success. Sometimes the dream consists of equality via liberty or literacy, while at other times it is a simple desire to know self through historical connection. In Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon, Milkman was literate and had some options for further education, if so desired. Milkman was apathetic toward education and produce. In fact, he was not sure what he wanted from life story. Initially, he thought the best thing for his life was to leave his family and home. In order to do so, he needed money. His father, Macon gives him the task of searching for a bag of gold in his Virginian hometown. Macon fought Pilate for a particular bag of gold as children, and Macon believes the gold remains in the original location as it was whe n they were young. Milkman wishes to locate the gold as style to accomplishing his goal to achieve financial independence. While on this quest, Milkman discovers his true dream, to discover who he really is and his family heritage. Milkmans version of the African-American dream is one of uncovering the past, a past that has been covered and lost through slavery and post-abolition renaming. Where his grandfather and father choose to leave the past behind, Milkman chooses to retrace their steps. Through Macon, Milkman has been fed numerous variations of history. Pilate, his aunt, continues ofttimes of the same distortion. He is unsure of history and reality. In listening to his fathers story, we read of Milkmans feelings, Deep... ...ng his dream. With no immediate success, as occurs in the traditional American dream, Milkman sought to work towards the goal with patience and determination. Once he acquired the dream or a part of that dream, he turned around and gave back to his pe ople, family and friends, in an effort to overhaul those around him. Milkmans story, describes the quest for the African American dream of equality, and in that, exercising his inalienable rights. WORKS CITED De Arman, Charles. Milkman as the Archetypal Hero. Obsidian Black Literature in refresh 6.3 (1980) 56-59. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York The Penguin Group, 1977. Peterson, Nancy J. Toni Morrison Critical and Theoretical Approaches. Baltimore Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Rice, Herbert William. Toni Morrison and the American Tradition A Rhetorical Reading. New York P. Lang, 1996.

Lanston hughes comparison of two poems Essay -- essays research papers

In todays modern view, poetry has become more than just paragraphs that verse at the end of each sentence. If the reader has an open mind and the ability to read in between the lines, they discover more than they have bargained for. Some poems dexterity have stories of suffering or abuse, while new(prenominal)s contain happy times and great joy. Regardless of what the poems contains, all poems display an expression. That very moment when the writer begins his noetic journey with that pen and paper is where all feelings are let out. As poetry is continues to be pen, the reader begins to see patterns within each poem. On the other hand, poems have nothing at all in common with one another. A good example of this is in two poems by a far-famed writer by the name of Langston Hughes. A well-known writer that still gets credit today for pomes bid Theme for English B and Let American be American Again. Theme for English B and Let American be American again share some similar elemen ts. These poems both written by Langston Hughes both explain about inequality. Theme for English B revolves around the separation of the black and white man the differences within each washables were segregation was at a high point. Let America be America again revolves around the concept that America is supposed to be the agriculture of the free, but to another race or background its a total opposite. (I guess that being colored doesnt make me not like the other folks who are other races. - Theme for English B). ...

William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay -- Faulkner Barn Burning

William Faulkners Barn BurningWilliam Faulkner, recognized as one of the greatest writers of all time, once made a speech as he accepted his Nobel prize for writing in which he stated that a great piece of writing should contain the truths of the heart and the conflicts that arise over these truths. These truths were love, honor, pity, pride, compassion and sacrifice. Truly it would be hard to argue that a story without these truths would be considered even a good story let alone a great one. So the question brought forward is whether Faulkner uses his own truths of the heart to make his story Barn Burning. Clearly the answer to this question is yes his use of the truths of the heart atomic number 18 prevalent throughout the story and to illustrate this to the reader we will focus in on two of them love and pride.There are many places throughout the story which love clearly comes in conflict with morality, kinship, and even other truths of the heart. The first of these, and pro bably the most dramatic, is in the first few paragraphs of the story. A adolescent boy named Sarty, who is the son of Abner Snopes, the barn burner of the story, is called to the stand to testify about his fathers behavior. On his way to the stand the reader is clued into what the boy is thinking and it is very clear he is feircely aligned with his father or his blood kin. As he approaches the stand Sarty has many thoughts running through his head about how the Judge is the antagonist our enemy he thought in that despair ourn Mine and hisn both Hes my father (Faulkner 161) It is clear that the love of his father is getting in the way of his thoughts of morality because he is almost willing to lie for his father. However Sarty nearly confesses that... ...t to enter, he tells him to get out of my way(Faulkner 166) as he steps into the house and tracks his horse muck all over their very expensive rug. Then when the lady of the house tells him to leave he quickly obeys her after swiveling around on his heel to crunch the fecal matter in even further. As he is leaving he once again makes a derogatory remark to the butler. This is probably when Abners pauperization becomes the most clear. He only feels superior to blacks in which case meant every(prenominal)one else around him was somehow superior and therefore he felt as though every action they took was a threat to him and damaged his pride in himself which forced him to retaliate the only way he knew how, burning barns.CitationsFaulkner, William. Barn Burning. Literature A Portable Anthology. Ed. Janet E Gardner, et al. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2004. 161-175

William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay -- Faulkner Barn Burning

William Faulkners bacillus BurningWilliam Faulkner, recognized as one of the topping writers of all time, at one time made a speech as he accepted his Nobel prize for writing in which he stated that a large piece of writing should contain the truths of the heart and the conflicts that arise over these truths. These truths were hunch forward, honor, pity, pride, compassion and sacrifice. Truly it would be hard to argue that a story without these truths would be considered change surface a good story let alone a great one. So the question brought forward is whether Faulkner uses his own truths of the heart to make his story Barn Burning. Clearly the answer to this question is yes his use of the truths of the heart are prevalent throughout the story and to illustrate this to the reader we will focus in on two of them love and pride.There are many places throughout the story which love clearly comes in conflict with morality, kinship, and even other truths of the heart. The fi rst of these, and credibly the most dramatic, is in the first few paragraphs of the story. A young boy named Sarty, who is the son of Abner Snopes, the barn burner of the story, is called to the radical to testify about his fathers behavior. On his style to the stand the reader is clued into what the boy is thinking and it is very clear he is feircely aligned with his father or his blood kin. As he approaches the stand Sarty has many thoughts run through his head about how the Judge is the enemy our enemy he thought in that despair ourn Mine and hisn both Hes my father (Faulkner 161) It is clear that the love of his father is getting in the way of his thoughts of morality because he is almost willing to lie for his father. However Sarty nearly confesses that... ...t to enter, he tells him to get out of my way(Faulkner 166) as he steps into the house and tracks his horse manure all over their very expensive rug. Then when the lady of the house tells him to leave he quickly obe ys her after swiveling around on his heel to grind the fecal matter in even further. As he is leaving he once again makes a derogatory remark to the butler. This is probably when Abners motivation becomes the most clear. He only if feels superior to blacks in which case meant everyone else around him was somehow superior and therefore he felt as though every action they took was a threat to him and damaged his pride in himself which forced him to retaliate the only way he knew how, burning barns.CitationsFaulkner, William. Barn Burning. Literature A Portable Anthology. Ed. Janet E Gardner, et al. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2004. 161-175

Stereotyping and Its Effects

Stereotyping, brought on by the existence of a segmentation system, has many prescribed effects in John Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath. This class system, made up of migrants and affluent people, is present due to the fact that many of the affluent people stereotype the migrants as slimy, uneducated, and easily agitated human beings. Thus, this sets a boundary between the educated individuals and migrants. At first, most migrants ignore the effects stereotyping has on them. hardly towards the end of their journeys to California, the migrants rage that had been graduall(a)y building up inside lets out and the migrants take action. The effects argon more positive as the migrants strive for an education, receive sympathy, and calmly deal with conflicts.Farm owners, successful businessmen, and generally all inhabitants of the Mid-West have a sense that all migrants are dumb, uneducated people in 1939. They lower wages for fruit-picking at nurtures which were the only jobs offered to th e migrants because of their proposed lack of intelligence. But migrants do not necessarily choose not to educate themselves. Ma Joad announces to her family that she will send her two youngest children to school once they are settled. Connie, Rose of Sharons husband, in addition plans out his goals with Rose of Sharon saying, An hes Connie gonna study at home, by chance radio, so he can git to be an expert . . . The migrants have their wit already set on education and chose not to be ignorant all of their lives.Often in Grapes of Wrath, the affluent people stereotype the migrants as poor and penniless. As the Joads pull into the gas station, the attendant immediately asks, Got any m iodiny? He views the Joads as one of many poor, migrant families arriving to beg for some gas. But not all people who view migrants as poverty-stricken, hungry people see them in such a way. Mae, a waitress at one of the restaurants pities a family asking for bread and shows her compassion by letting the children have candy for much less than its worth. Instead of the anticipated let-down, the migrants receive pity from those with compassion and sympathy.Not only do affluent individuals see the migrants as uneducated and penniless, but also as easily agitated human beings. Because farm workers are afraid that these migrants may someday take over their farms, they try to make the migrants stay more unwelcoming. Now if there was a big fight and maybe shooting-a bunch of deputies could go in and clean out the camp, one of the owners says to Tom and the Wallaces.Farm owners even plan to start a fight, thinking that no migrant can pass up a fight. But the migrants deal with the problem in a calm manner with no fight ever beginning. Cops pour out all over to provoke migrants so that many can be arrested and pulled off the streets. But the migrants resolve their problems so that new problems do not start. To farm owners, provoking migrants is a way to keep more migrants from stealing their land and resources but ends unsuccessfully.Stereotyping, brought on by the existence of a class system, has many positive effects in Grapes of Wrath. The migrants do intend to acquire an education, receive sympathy from the compassionate, and react intelligently to tempting situations. Steinbeck portrays society in its truest form. Even with the negative influence of the affluent people, the migrants receive just as many positive results as there are negative under such harsh circumstances.

How is Conflict Portrayed in the Poems in the Conflict Section? Essay

The nature of strife is a clash or coming together. there are many different types of conflict it can come in varying scales of size and intensity. For example nearlything which starts off as a family feud may end up as a World War. We can look at the causes of conflict, what actually happens or the effects. Tennysons foment of the clarification Brigade paints a see to it of the glory and honour of soldiers in battle as it happens. It describes an incident during the Battle of Balaklava during the Crimean War. Sheers Mametz Wood focuses on the aftermath and futility of war. Hughes pitch Roosting looked at the causes of conflict, psyche who has power but wants more and does not hold about the effects of what they are about to do on others. Another poem by Hughes is Bayonet Charge where there is a soldier in battle trying to escape from getting shot.Tennysons poem observes the battle from a distance as if he had a good viewpoint. He was not a participant like the poems of Wilf red Owen or Rupert Brook who wrote their poems and died in the trenches of the First World War. Tennyson sets the scene of battle and creates the atmosphere for The Charge of the Light Brigade by the form and structure of the poem. The six stanzas have a clear and ruling dactylic rhythm, representing the galloping hooves of the horses as they race into battle.The reader is carried along with the flow of the poem and the dynamism of the battle, which is emphasised by repetition, from the first two lines of the first stanza of the poem Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward. A comprehend of involvement is created for the reader by repetition such as cannon suggesting the relentless assault from all sides shank to the right of them, Cannon to the left of them, Cannon in front of them which emphasises the dangers faced by the cavalry and their great bravery.The contrast could not be greater in Mametz Wood. Although both poems are scripted in the third person there is a s ense of detachment and distance within this poem as Sheers reflects on a futile battle. There is no immediacy of involvement. Whereas the rhythm carries you along in The Charge of the Light Brigade, the conflict in Mametz Wood is mingled with past and present. The poem switches between the death of the soldiers in battle and the grisly discovery of their skeletons in the present.Twenty men buried in one long grave is contrasted with the present blurriness and vision of rolling countryside. A sad and reflective feeling is created through the use of a three-line stanza, long sentences and enjambment their skeletons paused mid dance-macabre/ in boots that outlasted them. The breaks between stanzas ready the reader opportunity to reflect on the line of soldiers who their arms linked in a shallow grave perhaps as a fast one by those that buried them. Unlike in The Charge of the Light Brigade, you are given no indication of the actual conflict which occurred, just some of the results . Pathos is emphasised by boots outlasting the men.Both poems memorialise unnecessary carnage. Both events which they are based on were directly the result of poor leadership. Someone had muffd in the decision to attack in the Battle of Balaklava but Tennyson emphasised that taking orders is honourable. Theirs was not to reason why, / Theirs was but to do and die. In Mametz Wood, criminal stupidity of orders to walk, not run made them sitting targets.Both poets honour loyalty and obedience where young, amateur and untrained soldiers died in their hundreds without questioning the orders they had been given. With over two hundred men stormd at with shot and shell with the alliteration suggesting flying bullets in The Charge of the Light Brigade, the soldiers in Mametz Wood were mown down by nesting machine guns, a powerful oxymoron which gives the machine guns naturalness they do not deserve. In Hawk Roosting however conflict is created by the hawk thinking that he is the King of the world and can do anything he likes.The vivid imagery emphasises the barbarity and vacuity of war with death being inevitable. The language used in The Charge of the Light Brigade creates a strong sense of the violence. Without questioning orders, 600 soldiers are plunged in the battery-smoke whilst all around them cannons Volleyd and thunderd as they obeyed commands and plunged into the valley of death, jaws of Death and mouth of Hell which suggests a predator postponement patiently to eat its prey. By using such powerful verbs, metaphors and personification the image of the battle and the hopelessness of the situation faced is portrayed vividly. However Tennyson glorifies soldiers and praises their volume and courage Boldly they rode and well. In Mametz Wood, Sheers emphasises human frailty, seeing a life as it passes fleetingly in the passage of time.The colours and textures highlight this. The metaphors unkept birds egg of a skull and the china plate of a shoulder blade repres ent frailty. In Mametz Wood the earth is personified as someone who needs healing. The farmers tended the land creating an image of something which needs nursing back to health. A link is made in the fourth stanza with a simile where the emergence of the swot up from the soil is like a wound working a foreign body to the surface of the skin. Unlike Death and Hell the earth guards the on the spur of the moment soldiers memories and bodies, protecting them until they are found. Earth is pushing them to the surface so that we dont forget. This is also a reference that the soldiers were foreigners who should not have been in France.Although The Charge of the Light Brigade is a famous Tennyson poem I think Mametz Wood is more powerful. They both describe real events and the horrors of conflict and show the mannequin divisions between generals giving their orders and the men who follow them. There is an underlying message in both poems about the waste of life in war. The vivid picture of a charge on horseback and the courage of the Light Brigade are to be admired and honoured- not forgotten. However Mametz Wood is more powerful in the way it reflects on the futility of war. It is quiet and thoughtful. There is no battle, just men walking to their death due to poor leadership. The emergence from the ground of weak skeletons trying to yell out something but with absent tongues in their socketed heads suggests that the dead are trying to communicate with the living. Now we hear them, their message and their tragedy. The poem is a form of excavation as it brings back through words an experience long forgotten. As people say on Remembrance Day every year We will Remember Them.

Outline and Evaluate the Reasons for the Growing Popularity Essay

Outline and evaluate the reasons for the growing popularity of alternative treat Alternative medicine is a term that is used to account medical exam invests that are polar from accepted forms and is used instead of orthodox medicine (Hunt and Lightly, 1999). This term was given to these types of medical practices by the bio-medical model which reflects their power. However, recently it has been nonplus Complementary which shows the increasing acceptance of this type of medicine this now marks a shift from seeing alternatives as in opposition to modern medicine to recognising that they can support orthodox treatment.This type of medicine has a Holistic overture, meaning that it treats the mind as well as the body, unlike the bio-medical model which could be a reason as to why much and more people use certain forms of complementary medicine. Alternative medicine has always been popular in Eastern societies for example, treatments like Fire Cupping originate from China and ove r time have becoming increasingly popular in the West. According to a study in 2007, Britons spent ? 91 million on alternative medicine in that year alone and has been signaled that that figure has gone up by 32% in the past five years. An other(a) reason as to why this form of medicine has become largely more popular in Western societies is that GPs and hospitals will often refer people to them if they feel that the bio-medical model cant help them. Similarly, the NHS will refer to this form of medicine as Complementary, which shows that they no longer see it as a threat to their form of health care.According to Sharma (1992) the most popular forms on Complementary medicine are Herbalism, Osteopathy and Homeopathy. This could be down to the fact that these ones are the most successful in their treatment, or on the other hand it could be that celebrities have make it into some form of Popular Culture in which the masses feel they should also try out. There are a significant amount of reasons as to why there has been a growth in the popularity of alternative/complementary medicine over the last decade.According to Bivins (2007) the popularity of bio-medicine suited a population to a lower place permanent threat of infectious diseases. Whereas today, patient ofs needs have changed due to the fact that certain chronic conditions have risen which has in turn led to letdown towards industrial medicine as it is shows that orthodox medicine doesnt give people other options it is limited in its treatments. Furthermore, industrial medicine is significantly neutral compared to complementary medicine which could be another reasons as to why people are choosing alternate forms of health care.On the other hand, Hunt and Lightly (1999) suggest that it could be down to the fact that there are a growing number of people in the population which simply needs/wants to be different and experiment. Illich would put forward his theory of iatrogenesis (when medicine does more ha rm than good), saying that people are concerned about the unpleasant side-effects of drugs and the interventionist nature of medical practice which has been proven by surveys taken out.Another minor issue could be that people now demand for patient input regarding complementary medicine, the doctor and the patient talk and together come up with solutions the patient isnt treated passive and isnt talked to. According to Bakx (1991) the decline in the cultural dominance of biomedicine and the medical profession has resulted in the re-emergence of the plurality of alternative approached to health. Stanway would refute this view and suggest that people simply want to experiment. He would also say that this could be down to philosophical/religious reservations about what is being offered.Orthodox medicine have a body dualism approach instead of a Holistic approach in which alternative medicine does take they take into account everything to do with the patients life, whether that be physi cal or emotional or psychological problems. However, Coward (1989) would refute both(prenominal) models of health saying that they tend to stress that health problems are individual, both in terms of the causes and the cures. He would say that this ignores the wider social factors that cause ill health, such(prenominal) as poverty, job-related stress and pollution.He would also say that many of the treatments havent been tested in the ways that formulaic medicine has, so it hasnt met the Peer Review criteria which therefore brings into account the Placebo Affect suggesting that these treatments make people believe that they are feeling better when actually it is all fake. This suggests that the rising popularity of contemporary medicine is fake and that the medicine doesnt actually do anything, but because people think it does they are using it more and more.He would also tell that if people on rely on alternative medicine it could be dangerous in the case of serious diseases lik e Cancer and AIDS where conventional treatments are more effective. Fulder would agree with Coward here and question whether alternative practitioners are prepared to take sole responsibility for their patients when regarding chronic diseases and whether they would refer them to the bio-medical models treatment or keep them in their own hands.According to a survey done by Fulder and Monro, it was suggested that the kind of people who use alternative medicine are more likely to be middle class, female and young to middle-aged. Some would argue that this is because alternative medicine can be expensive, and also because women often go to the doctors more than men they are now turning to complementary treatments in hope that (for example) their period pains, morning sickness etc will be sorted by other forms of medicine. To conclude, there are a number of reasons as to why there is a growing popularity of alternative medicine and there isnt one empower cut answer.

Perceptions of African American Women Essay

I am taking some classes that will eventually qualify me to major in Astro Physics, or Chemical engineering, I also want to work with NASA and train as an astronaut. It was amazing to know that Dr. Mae C. Jemison who happens to be the youngest of trine children born to a middle class African the Statesn family, Charlie Jemison, a maintenance worker and his wife, Dorothy, a teacher. Dr. Mae C.Jemison was the offshoot forbidding woman astronaut to be in space in an era filled with segregation and racism, she is a Chemical engineer, scientist, physician, teacher and astronaut, she has a wide range of experience in technology, engineering, and medical exam research. In addition to her extensive background in science, she is well-versed in African and African-American Studies, speaks fluent Russian, Japanese, and Swahili, as well as English and is trained in dance and choreography. Dr. Mae C.Jamison was an inspiration to me, and probably to many African American women. She was full of resilience and determination especially to have reached and achieved success in an unusual line of products of endeavor for many African American women, I applaud her determination to make a difference among the African American women and blacks in Diaspora. After graduating from Morgan commonalty High School in 1973 at the age of 16, Dr. Mae Jemison earned a BS in Chemical Engineering from Stanford University, while also fulfilling the requirements for a BA in African-American Studies.After earning these degrees in 1977, she attended Cornell University and received a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1981. During medical school she traveled to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand, providing capital medical care to people living there. This is an indication of her humanitarian efforts and eagerness to reach out to the less privileged population. Having a desire to do much with her life, she enrolled in graduate classes in engineering and applied to NASA for admission to the astronaut program. She was turned down on her first application, maybe because she is a black woman, and she persevered and in 1987 was accepted on her bite application. She became one of the fifteen candidates accepted from over 2,000 applicants. When Dr. Mae Jemison successfully completed her astronaut training program in sublime 1988, she became the fifth black astronaut and the first black female astronaut in NASA history. In completing her first space flight, Dr. Mae Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space, making her the first African-American woman in space.She says, I had to learn very early not to limit myself due to others limited imaginations. I have learned these days never to limit anyone else due to my limited imagination. This is an inspiration to other blacks in general who normally assume a second class citizen and believe that they will never do well or will be appreciated in whatever they do. This is a wake-up call, and manifestation of the aspect Determinatio n is the mother of invention. In 1993, Dr. Mae Jemison resigned from NASA and founded the Jemison Group, Inc.to research, develop and implement advanced technologies suited to the social, political, cultural and economic context of the individual, especially for the developing world. Current projects entangle Alpha, (TM) a satellite based telecommunication system to improve health care in West Africa and The Earth We Share, (TM) an intertheme science camp for students ages 12 to 16, that utilizes an experiential curriculum. Among her current projects are several that focus on improving healthcare in Africa. She is also a professor of environmental studies at Dartmouth College.Dr. Mae Jamison make a name for herself and name for blacks in general Her entrepreneurial spirit put her in the limelight and acts as a boost to determined black men and women in Diaspora. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf. It was quite surprising to read round Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, I know almost nothing about this gia nt and queen of modern Africa who is currently the current prexy of Liberia. According to what I have read so far about this queen of Africa she was born In Monrovia, the capital of Liberia on October 29, 1938.During this period, Liberians had no clue that the First female president of an African country had been born into their mist. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is a daughter to descendents of original colonists of Liberia (ex-African slaves from America, who promptly on arrival set about enslaving the indigenous people using the social system of their old American masters as a basis for their new society). These descendents are known in Liberia as Americo-Liberians.From what I read, I noticed that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was truly an intellectual power house, a charismatic leader and destined to make a change in Liberia and contribute her quota in Africa. From 1948 to 1955 Ellen Johnson studied accounts and economics at the College of West Africa in Monrovia. After marriage at the age of 17 to James Sirleaf, she travelled to America (in 1961) and continued her studies, achieving a degree from the University of Colorado. From 1969 to 1971 she read economics at Harvard, gaining a masters degree in public administration.Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf then returned to Liberia and began working in William Tolberts (True Whig Party) government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf also served as Minister of Finance from 1972 to 73, but left after a disagreement over public spending, this is an indication of her prudence and will power. As the 70s progressed, life under Liberias one-party state became more polarized to the benefit of the Americo-Liberian elite. On 12 April 1980 Master Sergeant Samuel Kayon Doe, a member of the indigenous Krahn heathen group, seized power in a military coup.With the Peoples Redemption Council now in power, Samuel Doe began a purge of government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf narrowly escaped choosing transportation system in Kenya. From 1983 to 1985 she served as Dire ctor of Citibank in Nairobi. I will say that Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf had a lot of courage, because it was quite unusual for a woman to challenge a dictatorial incumbent president in Africa without being kidnapped, tortured or killed in the process, although She was later sentenced to ten years in prison.Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf spent just a short time incarcerated, before being allowed to leave the country once again as an exile. During the 1980s she served as Vice President of both the African Regional Office of Citibank, in Nairobi, and of (HSCB) Equator Bank, in Washington. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf played an active role in the transitional government as the country prepared for the 2005 elections, and eventually stood for president against her rival the ex-international footballer, George Manneh Weah.Despite the elections being called fair and orderly, Weah repudiated the result, which gave a majority to Johnson-Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf eventually became Liberias first elected fema le president, as well as the first elected female president in the continent Africa. . In 2005 She established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission with a mandate to promote national peace, security, unity and reconciliation by investigating more than 20 years of civil conflict in the country and in November 2007, she received the United States presidential Medal of Freedom, the U.S. governments highest civilian award. She is truly a giant and queen of modern Africa. References 1. http//space. about. com/cs/formerastronauts/a/jemisonbio. htm 2. http//www. k-grayengineeringeducation. com/blog/index. php/2008/09/12/first-african-american-women-in-space. 3. http//www. joinafrica. com/africa_of_the_week/ellenjohnsonliberia. htm.

Police culture

police Culture Number 8 powerpoint (Definition)The knowledge, attitudes, expectations, behaviours and rituals that exist amongst guard, or which more broadly, characterize a guard force force. Police Culture affects how police see themselves and their role as police how they see the world around them, how they police (how policing is performed). Differences exist inwardly and amongst police lasts. Police officers, as individuals, will not all equally adopt or adhere to the dominant police finishing. Police culture cannot be divorced from the social, political, economic, legal and organizational context of policing. Police cultures can change.Police Culture Characteristics Sense of Mission the thin blue line A crucial, dangerous but unvalued Job ,Not Just a Job, but a way of life0 Policing thought of as protecting the weak from the strong (not at all political, relating to power within society). o Us versus them mentality evident Law enforcers and righteousness abiders versu s law breakers Action Orientated Real Policing Emphasis on real policing as that which occurs in the public sphere and which involves dangerous or potentially dangerous situations and confrontations. ?(ie. responding to reports of rime, raids, shoot outs, car pursuits and so on).Greatest status attached to Homicide Squads and Tactical Response Units. Cynicism and reality Required to obey law, yet see law as limiting and naive Must go beyond the law, to do their Job and get results. party favour expedience over due process These characteristics of police culture have been related to various negative behaviours Unlawful detentiono- The improper use of force0- Breaches of proper call into question processes Corruptiono- Dismissal of some crimes/victimso- Commission of some offences Isolation and Solidarity Feel different from other mint based on wrench and work-related xperiences.Sense of isolation intensified by problems socializing with non-police due to others reactions, diffi culties turning off, shift work. Closest bonds forged with other police Very loyal to, and protective of, other officers MasculinistDominance of masculinist perspectives and practices. Reiner has described police culture as an old Ofashioned world of machismo. Real policing associated with confrontation, physical strength, danger Male-dominated composition of police forces has contributed to this. Racism Widely documented evidence of suspicion, hostility and rejudice in police dealings with racial and ethnic minorities.Evidenced in well- known instances (ie. Rodney King) through to everyday policing practices. Once again partly attributable to historic composition of police forces. also relates to their role acting on behalf of states to administer racially- Obased laws and policies (segregation, removal of indigenous children). 7. Conservatismo Social and politically conservative. Emphasis upon maintaining the status quo. Once again, partly a consequence of historical composition and role of police Approaches to policing and the community Number 9 Traditional Policing- (as developed with rise of modern police forces).Community Policing (developed over past 30, largely in response to concerns raised over the methods and outcomes ot tralatitious policing. ) Traditional Policing Police seen as separate from the community ,Role of the police is to respond to crime. ,Police effectiveness is measured by changes in crime rates and arrest rates. Concerned primarily with the policing of public sphere, rather than private sphere. Use of force is viewed as legitimate and necessary to Opreservation of order mobilization of police over past 40 y ears with rise of law and order.Community Policing The development of community policing was based upon recognition that a lack of familiarity and respect surrounded by police and specific communities sometimes resulted in negative and repressive policing practices being used, and the fostering of mutual suspicion and antago nism between police and communities. Young people? gays and lesbians, indigenous people, ethnic and racial minorities recognized as particularly affected. What is Community Policing? No universally accepted definition of community policing.As an approach to policing, it can topper be described as onsisting of a broad range of strategies designed to improve policing by connecting police more closely to local communities and supporting relationships. Includes programs such as 0 Neighbourhood Watch 0 Crime Stoppers00 Blue-light Discos School Education Programs Development of specific community policing units The appointment of Liaison Officers (such as YLOs /0MLOs ) and committees involving police and community members . Formalised relationships with other community agencies0(for example, sexual assault and domestic violence services, ambulance services, welfare service).Reform of procedures for dealing with some types of ffences SOCIT (Secual Offences and Child Abuse Investigation T eams change magnitude police presence, visibility and availability (for example, police on bicycles, shop fronts) Use of media to involve public in policing and crime prevention Police organising and hosting activities and programs particularly for two-year-old people (such as the Ropes Program) Police learning and demonstrating the art of negotiation with difficult groups Police taking a more gentle/balanced approach to policing Community Policing Compared to the traditional approach to policing, community policing Aims to be more pro-active and pre-emptive. More concerned with peacekeeping and conflict resolution than crime fighting0 Based on complexities of local context and on building relationships Envisages police as part of the community and as needing to be responsive and answerable to it.Police CulturePolice Culture in the unify States Team B Sean Milton, Shane Hunter, Joshua Nine, Tim Eichler, and Jason Fougere CJA/214 November 20, 2012 Bernard Fitchpatrick Needs to be 1,050-1400 words Police Culture in the United States Analyze police culture, including the significance of stress in policing The think in police culture started in 1960 and the 1970s by the work of Cain and Banton in the United Kingdom and Skolnick and Westlesy in the United States.Even though the study work wasnt specifically concerned with police culture but rather sociological analysis of police officer and police work, it provided a wealth of hearty through the remark and analysis that was then later used to help formulate the theories of police culture. The characteristics of police culture have tended to remain static since the premier(prenominal) days when first police researching program started. The literature on the police culture remained uncontenious for many geezerhood.Once the research started the results were rarely challenged and it is in only recent years that anyone has begun to see a body of work that is questioning these core assumptions (Chan, 1997) abou t policing that has emanated from a culture analysis. It makes the police more then rather than less humane than they have and spew their own culture. The police officer job is a very stressful job in many aspects, the occupational stressors as a cop social status most highly within the tribe were not specific to policing.The organization issues such as the demands of work impinging upon the life at home, lack of mention and communication, the lack of control over workload, and the support and excess workload in general. The most recent study confirms previous findings of organization culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree that symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a thinkable increased susceptibility in female officer proven by research.Analyze the culture for women and ethnic minorities in policing and how they can achieve equating in law enforcement Describe the internal and external mechanisms that control police discretion Conclusion * References * Grant, H. B. & Terry, K. J. 2012. Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3rd ed. Upper charge up River, NJ. Pearson/Prentice Hall. * Walker, S. & Katz, C. M. 2011. The Police in America An Introduction, 7th ed. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill. * University of Phoenix. (2011). CJ Interactive Multimedia. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA214 website. * * * *Police CulturePolice Culture in the United States Team B Sean Milton, Shane Hunter, Joshua Nine, Tim Eichler, and Jason Fougere CJA/214 November 20, 2012 Bernard Fitchpatrick Needs to be 1,050-1400 words Police Culture in the United States Analyze police culture, including the significance of stress in policing The study in police culture started in 1960 and the 1970s by the work of Cain and Banton in the United Kingdom and Skolnick and Westlesy in the United States.Even though the study work wasnt specifically concer ned with police culture but rather sociological analysis of police officer and police work, it provided a wealth of material through the observation and analysis that was then later used to help formulate the theories of police culture. The characteristics of police culture have tended to remain static since the early days when first police researching program started. The literature on the police culture remained uncontenious for many years.Once the research started the results were rarely challenged and it is in only recent years that anyone has begun to see a body of work that is questioning these core assumptions (Chan, 1997) about policing that has emanated from a culture analysis. It makes the police more then rather than less human than they have and reproduce their own culture. The police officer job is a very stressful job in many aspects, the occupational stressors as a cop rank most highly within the population were not specific to policing.The organization issues such as the demands of work impinging upon the life at home, lack of consultation and communication, the lack of control over workload, and the support and excess workload in general. The most recent study confirms previous findings of organization culture and workload as the key issues in officer stress. Given that the degree that symptomatology appears to be worsening, management action is required. Further research is indicated within the police population into a possible increased susceptibility in female officer proven by research.Analyze the culture for women and ethnic minorities in policing and how they can achieve equality in law enforcement Describe the internal and external mechanisms that control police discretion Conclusion * References * Grant, H. B. & Terry, K. J. 2012. Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson/Prentice Hall. * Walker, S. & Katz, C. M. 2011. The Police in America An Introduction, 7th ed. New York, NY. McGraw-Hill. * Univers ity of Phoenix. (2011). CJ Interactive Multimedia. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA214 website. * * * *

Short Paragraph on Plastic Money

WHAT IS PLASTIC MONEY? Plastic gold argon the option to the cash orthe standard Money.Plastic specie is the generic term forall types ofbank placard game, assurance card game, debit cards, smart cards, etc.DEFINITIONThe pli satisfactory portion of this term refers to the quote card construction of credit cards, as opposed to paper and metal of currency. The money portion is an erroneous reference to credit cards as a pee-pee of money, which they atomic number 18 not. Although credit cards do facilitate transactions, beca office they are a liability rather than an asset, they are not money and not part of the economic systems money supply.INTRODUCTIONPaper money was first used in China around the seventh century AD, only to be outlawed in 1455. The use of folding currency re-emerged in England in 1694. The biggestproblem which was occurring with the paper note is the wear the paper note has very small life due to transformation of ownership by measure to time and their e mployment. Firstly Australia was the first who develop the plastic note which stick out longer life but after wore they are recycled for further utilizing. The plastic notes also secure the government for copyingbecause paper note easily copied but plastic note cannot be copied.PLASTIC MONEY OR POLYMER MONEY WAS FIRST INTRODUCED IN 1950SThe plastic note are same as paper but the only difference is that they are made of plastic and more secured but in traveling and shopping people used to carry huge cash which was very unsecured and also increasing horror rate. Then the cards are introduced in the world to resolve the issue of carrying huge cash. Then the cards are known as Plastic Money. The usage of plastic money(Cards) has increased in the mode of payment of huge get and time by time there are lots of different types of plastic money has introduced which enhanced the features of plastic money like we can use it to anywhere in the world and etc.Now the world is becoming globali ze so all card is contained everywhere with the power of VISA which interconnect thedifferent countries. As we have the different type of card as listed below impute CardDebit CardCharge CardAmexCardMasterCard VisaSmart CardDinnersClubCardPhoto CardGlobalCardCo-brandedCardAffinityCardAdd-on Card.These cards are performing the function of money with different ways. These cards are accepted worldwide, in which you can utilize your own money and also banks money. The card through which you spend your own money is known as debit card.The card through which you spend the fall of bank as loan is called credit card. 1. Credit cardsanddebit cardsas an alternative tocash. People prefer usingplastic moneyas it reduces chances of being misused Theplastic moneybrought in a lot of joy to every American home, buy today and pay later, seemed to have worked wonders for some time. Although it is easy to be careless using a credit card, theplastic moneycan be useful for more important purchases.C REDIT CARDSOne of the most important financial tools in modern times is the credit card. Their uses in varied nursing homes are opening up new avenues of personal finance.People prefer usingplasticmoneyas it reduces chances of being misused. The use of credit cards operates on a complex network that ensures safety of the user. Many websites are enabling credit card process for increasing their client base. Online business is booming. Credit card processing has enabled consumers to purchase items without moving out of their houses. To be able to accept credit cards has taking online business to another level. Credit card processing is now deemed as the key to successful online business. The primary function of credit card processing is to accept credit cards.The online business efficiency is also increased manifold. Payment procedures are automated through credit card processing. When a website owner is able to accept credit cards, he is makingmoneytransactions for his customers an d himself easier. The experience of buying online has never been so simple. Gone are the days when one had to place orders over the telephone or use checks for payments. Now, all one needs to do is enter the details of his/her credit card and the rest is handled by the credit card processing service providers. Credit card processing has been able to save a lot of time and energy.Online business operates 247. Consumers from all time zones avail the products and services of online business. Credit card processing has rendered this simpler. Being able to accept credit cards has made it possible to transact 24 hours a day virtually. Automation has proved to be a contributing factor in the success of online business. Credit card processing has given online business owners freedom from sitting at the desk constantly to monitor the transfer ofmoney. Online business owners need to have an online merchandiser account to be able to accept credit cards from consumers.This service is needed f or processing all the orders. Various kinds of online merchant account providers are available to cater to the different kinds of online business needing credit card processing. The changes of online merchant accounts may vary from the number of payments to monthly payments. The constant competition of the various service providers and the launch of new service providers are expected to pull shoot down the rates in the near future. Online business owners should consider the reliability, the customer support system and security of the credit card processing service providers before they vigor in on one of them.Choosing the cheapest service provider is not always a wise decision. Free credit card processing services are also available. These are meant for newcomers in online business. Website owners have to go through verification of the credit card number, its expiry date and other details after they accept credit cards. Beginners have to pay a nominal amount for every transaction and enjoy the services. They do not need to purchase costly credit card processing software or pay huge fees for customer services like regular credit card processing services.A good amount of research is needed to know about the best service providers. Did you find this article useful? For more useful tips and hints, points to ponder and keep in mind, techniques, and insights pertaining to information processing system Virus, do please browse for more information at our websites. Dinner It is not until 1950 that the Dinner Club Card was created by a restaurant jock who forgot his wallet and realized there needed to be an alternative to cash only. This started the first credit card specifically for widespread use, even though it was generally used for entertainment and travel expenses.

First World War Essay

subroutine of theparticipants in World War IAllied Powersin green,Central Powersin orange, and neutral countries in gray-headed In the 19th Century, the major European supplys had gone to great lengths to maintain abalance of powerthroughout Europe, resulting by 1900 in a complex network of political and military bond papers throughout the continent. These had started in 1815, with theHoly AlliancebetweenPrussia, Russia, and Austria. Then, in October 1873, German ChancellorBismarcknegotiated theLeague of the Three Emperors(GermanDreikaiserbund) between the monarchs of AustriaHungary, Russia and Germ whatever.This sympathy failed because AustriaHungary and Russia could non agree over Balkan policy, leaving Germany and AustriaHungary in an alliance formed in 1879, called theDual Alliance. This was seen as a method of countering Russian influence in theBalkansas theOttoman imperiumcontinued to weaken. In 1882, this alliance was expanded to include Italy in what became theTriple A lliance. After 1870, European conflict was averted largely through a carefully planned network of treaties between the German Empire and the remainder of Europe orchestrated by Chancellor Bismarck.He especially worked to hold Russia at Germanys side to avoid a two-front warfare with France and Russia. WhenWilhelm IIascended to the throne asGerman Emperor(Kaiser), Bismarcks alliances were gradually de-emphasised. For example, the Kaiser refused to renew theReinsurance treatywith Russia in 1890. Two years later, theFranco-Russian Alliancewas signed to counteract the force of the Triple Alliance. In 1904, the unify Kingdom sealed an alliance with France, theEndecadete cordialeand in 1907, the United Kingdom and Russia signed theAnglo-Russian Convention.This system of interwoven bilateral agreements formed theTriple Entente. HMS Dreadnought. A navalarms raceexisted between the United Kingdom and Germany. German industrial and economic power had grown greatly afterunification and the foundation of the Empirein 1870. From the mid-1890s on, the government of Wilhelm II used this alkali to devote significant economic resources to building up theKaiserliche marine(Imperial German Navy), established by AdmiralAlfred von Tirpitz, in rivalry with the BritishRoyal Navyfor ground naval supremacy. As a result, both nations strove to out-build each other in terms ofcapital ships.With the put in ofHMSDreadnoughtin 1906, the British Empire expanded on its significant advantage over its German rivals. 21The arms race between Britain and Germany eventually extended to the rest of Europe, with all the major powers devoting their industrial base to producing the equipment and weapons necessary for a pan-European conflict. Between 1908 and 1913, the military spending of the European powers increased by 50percent. Austria-Hungary precipitated theBosnian crisisof 19081909 by officially annexing the former Ottoman territory ofBosnia and Herzegovina, which it had occupied since 1 878.This angered theKingdom of Serbiaand its patron, thePan-SlavicandOrthodoxRussian Empire. Russian political manoeuvring in the region destabilised peace accords that were already fracturing in what was known as thePowder kegful of Europe. Ethno-linguistic map of AustriaHungary, 1910 In 1912 and 1913, theFirst Balkan Warwas fought between theBalkan Leagueand the fracturing Ottoman Empire. The resultingTreaty of capital of the United Kingdomfurther shrank the Ottoman Empire, creating an independentAlbanian Statewhile enlarging the territorial holdings of Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece.When Bulgaria attacked both Serbia and Greece on 16 June 1913, it lost most of Macedonia to Serbia and Greece andSouthern Dobrujato Romania in the 33-daySecond Balkan War, further destabilising the region. Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian-Serb student, was arrested immediately after he assassinatedArchduke Franz Ferdinand of AustriaOn 28 June 1914,Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian-Serb student and member ofYoung Bosnia, assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne,Archduke Franz Ferdinand of AustriainSarajevo, Bosnia.This began a block of diplomatic maneuvering among Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, France, and Britain called theJuly Crisis. Wanting to finally end Serbian interference in Bosnia, Austria-Hungary delivered the July Ultimatum to Serbia, a series of ten demands intentionally made unacceptable, intending to provoke a war with Serbia. When Serbia agreed to only eight of the ten demands, Austria-Hungary state war on 28 July 1914. Strachanargues, Whether an equivocal and early response by Serbia would have made any difference to Austria-Hungarys behavior must be doubtful.Franz Ferdinand was not the sort of personality who commanded popularity, and his demise did not cast the empire into deepest mourning. The Russian Empire, unwilling to allow AustriaHungary to eliminate its influence in the Balkans, and in support of its longtime Serb proteges, ordered a partial mobilization one day later. When the German Empire began to mobilise on 30 July 1914, France, angry about the German conquest ofAlsace-Lorraineduring theFranco-Prussian War, ordered French mobilisation on 1 August. Germany declared war on Russia on the same day.

Creating a Living Newspaper

Reflection on Y, F, Z Living Newspaper shooting The idea of the Living Newspaper is an ingenious way in theatre to depict real demeanor in an artistic way and amplify the feelings of the actual event. So, naturally when you assigned us to create our protest Living Newspaper I was ecstatic to get started. The group I worked with and I decided to take away between finding a newspaper on a cult group or an exorcism, though I preferred the exorcist idea, we decided to go with cults because during our research we found it very fascinating that in that location were so many cases and different types of cults.During our research we found there were multiple different kinds of cults, rough good, some bad, but most focused on the end of the world or the end of their world and how they would be able to spend eternity, and most usually had manipulative and violent leaders. One such case was the Y, F, Z Ranch where the leader Warren Jeffs is accused of committing multiple accounts of inces t and rape, though that was still not as interesting to us as the fact, that all the girls that belonged to this cult, were in a sense brainwashed.The fact that somebody or a group of people could be tricked into thinking that something so sinister was the way of a immortal was ludicrous. As a group we all wanted to add or declare tweak the piece, my own personal contribution was the in the beginning of the scene I wanted there to be sheets in front of the movers playing the rap victims of the cult and you would see Warren Jeffs shadow come up to each one and imitate the act of raping them. I wanted this to highlight the silent motif we compete with.Though, of course in the time we had we had to be realistic with our scene so the sheets didnt happen, we still go along with the most important theme of silence which is what I intended for my contribution. What I took away as an actor from this piece is how different it is to play a real person rather then a temperament and how m uch it bends and changes the methods of the acting I was use too. And personally from this piece I realized how divisionless it is to work when there are so many people disorganized people trying to voice their opinion. But, I did enjoy the experience.

Nutritional Considerations for Ice Hockey Athletes Essay

Nutrition is congenital for one and all. Research has shown that optimum nutrition is critical for both natural and mental per systemance. Optimal nutrition means that which is neither prodigality nor deficient. Optimal nutrition has an important role in the performance of swashsmen. Nutrition is likewise important during hold and training sessions so that overtraining does not occur. The token of nutrition essential for each sport is different depending on the level of physical action at law knobbed. Ice field hockey is one of the in gamy spirits range sports which require high chroma training and also high intensity performance.This research explores the optimal nutrition requirement of jollifying glass hockey athletes. Energy requirements of ice hockey The human system expends zippo in one of collar ports through the basal metabolous rate, through thermogenesis, or through physical military action. The basal metabolic rate is the minimum amount of energy exp enditure required to carry on normal biologic functions and reactions in the corpse, such as breathing, keeping the heart beating, and carrying out the process of waste management. It accounts for roughly 75% of the daily energy expenditure.Physical bodily function deals with energy expended during periods of exercise, and it accounts for around 18% of total energy expenditure. dietetic thermogenesis is the energy expenditure required for the digestion, absorption, and transportation of food. Some various(prenominal)s expend more calories in thermogenesis than others, and this phenomenon accounts for the slight metabolic differences between obese and lean individuals. Dietary thermogenesis accounts for 7% of energy expenditure (The Weight Loss par 2004).While basal metabolic rate and dietary themogenesis remain almost same for all, physical activity varies from individual to individual and from one sport to another. Ice hockey is a fast-paced, physical team sport which is pl ayed on ice. The sport involves intermittent high intensity skating, rapid changes in duration and f number and also frequent body contact (Montgomery, 1988). Typically, a player performs for about 15 to 20 proceedings in a game which lasts for 60 minutes. Each shift lasts for about 30 to 80 seconds which is followed by a 4- 5 minute recovery time (Montgomery, 1988).Each shift is a high intensity burst demanding good muscle capability and power and also an aerophilic endurance. Heart rates during a shift exceed 90% HR max. Blood lactate levels soar during the game proving that ice hockey is anaerobic in nature. Both anaerobic and aerobic systems of energy atomic number 18 important for performance in the game. When energy is derived after combustion of scratchs and copious in the presence of oxygen, it is known as aerobic metabolism. The by-products of such a metabolism are carbon-di-oxide and water which are disposed off through breathing and sweating. aerobic metabolism com es into picture for energy expenditure during rest and low intensity exercises or physical activity. During this type of metabolism, energy is derived from glucose and fat in the presence of oxygen. The stored glycogen in the muscles is modest down to glucose which is further broken down using oxygen to create energy. When glycogen stores are depleted, fat metabolism is initiated for energy replenishment. luscious metabolism is a slow process and when this is used for energy, performance declines.As the intensity of physical activity progresses, energy begins to be derived from anaerobic metabolism where energy is produced from glycogen or sugar in the absence of oxygen. This is because higher intensities of exercise need more energy which after partnot be supplied by aerobic metabolism. The change from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism is known as metabolism threshold. The waste products of anaerobic metabolism are pyruvic acid and lactic acid which cause fatigue and s oreness in the muscles (Scott, 2005). Anaerobic exercise is such(prenominal) less efficient that aerobic exercise and hence requires lot of training.The first thing in a sport like ice hockey is to ensure that the player is consuming sufficient number of calories so that energy good deal be spent. Ice hockey involves intense training. Players of this sport expend atleast 600-1200kcals during workout. Hence rarefied calorie requirements of these athletes are about 50- 80kcals/kg/day which amounts to 2500- 8000kcals/day for a 50-100kg weighing athlete. Some whitethorn even require 12,000kcals/day (Casa et al, 2000). According to the Canada Food Guide (qtd. in Bullard, 1978), essential components of food for whatever individual are proteins, fat and carbohydrates.These must(prenominal) be blended in such a way that they contain sufficient essential minerals and vitamins. There are four basic foods which make this possible. They are 2- 4 servings of milk or milk products like whol e or 2% skim milk, butter milk, reconstituted evaporated or dry milk and cheese, 3- 5 servings of bread and cereals, 2 servings of meat and alternates like poultry, liver, fish, lean meat, cooked dried peas, nuts, beans or lentils, cheddar, cottage cheese, processed cheese and eggs, and 4- 5 servings of fruit and vegetables. This food can supply about k to 1400 calories per day.Additional calories can be supplied by increasing the number or size of servings. Each individual has different needs of calories and nutrients based on the age, sex, size of body, daily activities and growth. For athletes, extra nutrition is essential not only to maintain body cant over, but also to allow for exercise, training and competition. Consuming energy deficient diet leads to weight injury, muscle mass loss, physical symptoms, psychological symptoms of over training and also performance reduction. In females, eating disorders can develop (Krieder et al, 2002).Muscle strength Muscle strength is ve ry essential for ice hockey playing because shifts involve intense body contact and high intensity and high speed skating. To develop adequate muscle strength, appropriate training is essential. Elements of strength training include hypertrophy, maximum strength, explosive power, strength endurance and periodization. Hypertrophy of muscles is essential in ice hockey players because the sport is involved with aggressive body contact. However, too much bulk is a hindrance and hence only optimal hypertrophy is aimed at (Tikkaja et al, 2003).Maximal strength is that force which can be generated by the athlete to the maximal level. Maximal strength is essential to generate explosive power during performance which is essential during shifts. Maximal strength training does not lead to hypertrophy of muscles (Hoff et al, 2002). Explosive power training involves training the athlete to set out muscles in a fast manner which is needed in shifts. Strength endurance is important in ice hockey because of the speed and high intensity burst that the sport demands.Periodisation allows sports-specific strength to peak at the right moment, i. e. the shift. For a good training program to run, a well designed diet must be there which meets the needs of energy intake and also incorporates appropriate timing of nutrients. Research has be that a good diet helps in the reading of training and a bad diet impedes adaptation to training (Krieder et al, 2002) Hydration Water accounts for 73% of lean body mass. During any exercise, evaporation of sweat occurs as a method to regulate the core temperature of the body.The same is the case with ice hockey. Sweating causes loss of valuable limpids from the body which has only a finite reservoir of water. Hence if the lost fluids are not tackd in a timely manner, dehydration can result. Dehydration leading to 1-2% loss in body weight can compromise the physiologic function and thus affect performance (Casa et al, 2000). Once the loss of w eight reaches 3%, exertional heat illnesses like heat exhaustion, heat cramps and heat stroke can occur (Casa et al, 2000). Dehydration during physical activity of sports is very common.Dehydration can develop within one hour of physical activity or even in a shorter duration of time. Dehydration can be minimized or even prevented by following proper dehydration prevention protocols (Casa et al, 2000). One of the indicators of hydration during exercise sessions is to check weight before, during and after the sessions. This is useful provided the players enter the exercise session fully hydrated. This form of monitoring for fluid loss is reliable and helps the player rehydrate in a timely manner.Another reliable method of monitoring hydration office is specific gravity checking of urine with a refractometer. Urine volume assessment and urine color semblance methods are less popular methods of hydration status assessment (Casa et al, 2000). According to the guidelines set by the Nat ional gymnastic Trainers Association (Casa et al, 2000), an athlete must consume approximately 500- 600ml of water or sports drink 2- 3hours foregoing to practice session or game and about 200- 300ml of water or sports drink prior to onset of exercise.During the game or practice session fluids must be consumed to make up losses. This can be make by taking 200- 300ml every 10-20 minutes. After the exercise, rehydration must be done to replace losses during the session. Electrolytes must also be included in the fluids to speed rehydration. Usually cool fluids are recommended so that the player takes more fluid inside. Bad signs and symptoms of dehydration include irritability, thirst, general discomfort, headache, dizziness, chills, vomiting, nausea and decrease performance.Other dehydration signs include weariness, flushed skin, apathy and heat sensations on head and neck. Sodium chloride must be included in the fluid replacement beverage when there is inadequate access to meals. small(a) amounts of sodium ranging between 0. 3- 0. 7g/L can offset salt loss which occurs in sweating. Ideal rehydration fluid An ideal rehydration fluid provide consist of 60 grams of carbohydrate in 1 liter of fluid. This dumbness of fluid impart not hinder fluid absorption and at the same time will provide the required carbohydrate for refuelling (Casa et al, 2000).Role of proteins Proteins are very essential when heavy work is done for prolonged periods and also during periods of growth. May sportsmen are of the opinion that proteins are the primary sources of energy for muscles. However, this is not true because, when other substrates are available, protein is seldom used for derivation of energy. A well commensuratenessd diet will have sufficient protein for building of muscles and hence there is no justification for the use of expensive high-protein diets (Casa et al, 2000). lavishly intense trainers like ice hockey players will need about 1. 2g per kg per day of pr otein which is double the RDA recommendation for general population.Insufficient protein intake can result in negative nitrogen balance which increases protein catabolism and slows recovery time. This can contribute to intolerance of training and loss of muscle mass. The type of protein consumed is also important. Best sources of protein include skinless chicken, egg white, skim milk and egg white (Krieder et al, 2004).. Role of fat robust is very replete in calories. Each gram of fat when burnt, releases 9KCals.However, metabolic breakdown of fat utilizes more oxygen and thus maximum physical efficiency is not possible when a diet which is rich in fat is consumed. However, some amount of fat is essential for flavouring of food, reservation of energy stores and body insulation (Casa et al, 2000). The dietary recommendations for fat intake in athletes are similar to those recommended for non-athletes. For an athlete, it is essential to maintain energy balance, replenish intramuscul ar triacyl glycerol and also take essential fatty acids (Krieder et al, 2004). Role of carbohydratesDuring exercise, body uses 30-60 g of carbohydrates per hour. Ice hockey players will need 400-1500 grams of carbohydrate (50-150kg body weight) to maintain the glycogen levels of the muscle. Majority of the carbohydrate in the diet must come from complex carbohydrates which have low-to-moderate glycemic index. Some of such carbohydrates are starches, grains, maltodextrins and fruit. Since it is rough to consume solid carbohydrate during intense training, experts recommend that carbohydrates may be taken in the form of concentrated carbohydrate juices and drinks (Krieder et al, 2004).Vitamins Vitamins are essential for energy synthesis, prevention of cell destruction, maintenance of neurological processes and pattern of metabolic processes. Basically there are 2 types of vitamins, the fat soluble and the non-fat soluble. Vitamins A, D,E and K are fat soluble and Vitamins B and C are water soluble (Krieder et al, 2004). Athletes need as much vitamins as non-athletes. There is no evidence to definitely prove that increased vitamin consumption increases performance.

Journal Writing Essay

During this coterie I pee made two self- discoveries that will positively impress my cargoner goals. Those self- discoveries has helped to mold, and shape me into a student that I maintain never thought I would be. Those discoveries were that I am an organized learner, because I made a study plan to help me determine when, and how I would study. Being that I have five children, I had to make sure that I had set a schedule so that my line work including study epoch would non affect my family time and take away from spending time with my children and fiance. Since these are the competing priorities in my feeling right now scholarship to obtain trust and agreement in the home while I have been attending school has too improved because not only do I see my advantage so does my children and fianc. Knowing that I had that support too has made it possible to do my best in school, setting the pace for them to do the same in school also, whether it be neat grades, sports, etc.I know that they will continue to be good at what they do and have proven to do so time after time. Another self- find that I have made that will positively regard my career goals is my self-will. Willpower has become my great strength. Being able to control what I do, leaded to personal improvement. I realize that lack of willpower not only causes you to lose focus it also all in allows you to fail to achieve goals. My ability to resist short-term temptations have helped me to meet some of my long term goals already. There has never been a solar day that I thought that I could not achieve my goals. I kept a positive creative thinkerset tho so I could keep going. Negativity takes a lot of willpower from you and I think success is a part of having a positive prospect. Having that determination was not easy at first I can say that, but having that willpower and thinking well-nigh my future will positively equal my career goals. Two self-discoveries that I believe will positive ly impact my personal life, one is my happiness.If I am not happy there is no subject good that will come out of beingness unhappy. In my life I noticed that unhappy mass wait for something to make them happy. Happy people make themselves happy without hesitation because they choose to havepositivity surround them in all areas of their lives. I am that happy person, I do not feel resembling being unhappy because it drains energy, it drains potential, it sucks the life out of you, and it keeps you from becoming successful. I am happy because I am not afraid of change, I am valued, and I attend school cognize that I am a success story. I learned to create positive changes in my life. In doing so this has made a positive impact on my personal life. My character will also have a positive impact on my life. Knowing who I am, my beliefs, values, and morals.The clearer I became about what I value and what I believed in the more in effect(p) I became not only for me, but for my family, my friends, and my peers. I have this relish for knowledge and a thirst to make the best out of any situation and this impacts my personal life in so umteen positive ways because when I know who I am , my children will learn their true personal identity because they are my children and they share the same DNA. My grandmother use to tell me that I can be assorted from everyone else and still be blessed and fabulous, and I believed her.So this has played a part in my self- identity. I also had to explore what my heart wanted, so that I could truly identify who I was, the most beautiful thing that could have happened to me was unfolding that I was an excellent mother, a great friend, and a superb student. Knowing these a few(prenominal) things lead me to know who I was in the beginning and knowing this has made a positive impact in my personal life.My biggest take way from this course is keeping a growth mindset and knowing that I always have room for improvement. I want to keep ownership over my learning experience. I am in control of my success. I am able to keep this in mind and always grow with it. This is something that I had to develop because when I was younger I had a fixed mindset I did not want to change because I was set in my ways and it felt like everything I was doing had failed me, so I figured that I would quit trying and give up. One day that change I started thinking of other approaches of how to be better and I used trial and faulting as a way of figuring out what I needed to do.So as I was thinking and applying I realized that I had that growth mindset and I have kept it all through the years. While learning about the fixed mindset and growth mindset I gained a better understanding on what life is really about also and I saw the big picture. The way I perceived it to be is tonoticed that if something is not working right the way you are doing it, then try another way and if that works out better than stick with it, but have fun with it and be creative and then you will be successful that way . Life is about trial and error and never giving up no matter what.

Music : Expressionism

Prettier from five orchestral fixs is an atonal (no significant key signature) Expressionist append of music written by Austrian composer Schoenberg (who is associated with the expressionist movement of the early twentieth century and was the breach of the second Viennese school of music). It was composed in 1909, written for a big orchestra, made up of mainly flutes oboes clarinets and bassoons.Additionally some other governance instruments and percussion play in the raise such as the trumpet, trombone, xylophone, cymbals and bass drum. Prettier can be described as a actually intense and restless piece of music with many quick transports in speed, mood and instrumentation. The translation of Prettier into English is a sudden change in fortune, which short describes the nature of this piece. One factor which makes Prettier a clear example of expressionist music is the instrumentation.In this piece the instruments are often played at the extreme of their registers, heightenin g the dramatic appearance which sets the stage for this expressionist piece of music by including extreme contrasts in the dynamics, which an be seen in the tot up of the piece where Schoenberg marks from up to if. Another two factors which portray the genre of this piece are the constantly changing textures and unusual structure in that location are many motifs which are changed throughout the piece however there is no concrete main melody.It is made out of complicated melodic fragments which are based on 6 notes from 12 different semitones in a scale, known as hexachord, which are almost in rondo form (abaca.. ) where the same melodic idea returns many propagation. The a theme, which returns more than twice, are each very different to each other and described as almost unrecognizable. This creates a sensation of unawareness , a feeling of unpredictability and suspense for the listener, we never expect what we will hear next.The idea of using isolated rondo form is used to b ring the same atmosphere, mood and feel of a motif or else than the exact, precise copy of notes. An example of a hexachord in this piece is the recurring hexachord in bar 8 , ( a, b flat, c , c sharp, e , f) laded as a motif and chord by the horns individually different section of the piece varies in length s strong as the continuously varying textures and tempos. Schoenberg often changes the speed within Prettier. He uses a lot of different note lengths ranging from deem-semiquavers to semibreves.This use of constantly changing tempos, melodies and dynamics heightens the dramatic nature of the piece making it very exciting for the listener The timbre, pitch and harmonies of this piece are very particular to the style of expressionism. The dissonant harmonies and clashing sounds throughout this piece create annoying for the listener and are successfully used to convey the desired emotions of the composer, which he was aiming to express through his music.As well as the sudden an d extreme changes in dynamics and rhythms in this piece, the textures vary as well. This piece has a contrapuntal texture with moments of polyphonic and homophobic textures too ranging from a solo flute to the whole orchestra contend which provide possibilities of creating dramatic moments of climax thin the song, once again conveying deep emotions and conflict, fitting perfectly into the expressionistic genre.The melody in Prettier is fragmented and is played by all the instruments at different times throughout the piece, known as agglomerations (tone-color melody). Additionally the melody is very angular and distinct and often uses repeated notes or short motifs, which enhances the uncomfortable feeling for the listener. Schoenberg plays with the timbre of this piece, with quick, sudden changes between families of instruments such as the brass ND woodwinds which in result varies the sound of the piece making it more unusual and unpredictable.Prettier perfectly fits into the divi sion of expressionism through the exiting use of changing dynamics, tempos, harmonies, textures, orchestral devices, melodies and rhythms, making this piece exiting and vibrant to listen to every time. individually time it is played new moments are found that were previously unknown to the listener, bringing something new to its reference each time it is heard, whether it be emotional or categorical, thus evidently fitting into the genre of expressionism.

Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Russia - Essay lessonMingst and Ivan, however, argue that the use of conflicting prices was a scapegoat. The actual conflict was due to Ukrainians electing a government in 2005 that was against Russia. The cutting of the gas supply was an indirect personal manner of enacting a sanction to the Ukrainians.Realism best explains Putins behavior. correspond to Mingst and Ivan, realism is defined as selfish, fearful, and power seeking (79). The main agenda of the realists is to increase their power by either through balance or war. The main agenda of attacking Ukraine was to show Russias superiority. Russia aimed to concussion into the Ukrainians that they should comply with Russias demand. Mingst and Ivan argue that Putin uses aggressive and forceful diplomatic measures to other countries as a way to undermine them.With the state of Russia as a superpower, the best way to involve it would be through diplomatic negotiations based on fairness and understanding. If negotiations fail, th e international community may seek arbitration. Military support to Ukraine may also be necessary if the former efforts

Issues Connected with Working in Facebook Term Paper

Issues Connected with Working in Facebook - Term Paper ExampleFacebook is a well-known participation regarding the technology sector. The well-known social networking platform provided by Facebook has become much of a success. As a confederacy, it employs staff members to continue with the operations of the social club. The working conditions in the company with the viewpoint of an employee of a company argon discussed and explained. The issues arising in the company regarding the working conditions argon highlighted and explained. The culture of the company that is to be adopted by the employees is exclaimed and recognize so as to determine their effects upon working as an employee on Facebook. The daily routines are clarify along with the issues that the employees face upon a daily basis. The companys temperament regarding the position of its employees in the company and how it treats them are explained where the culture of issues relating to the perplexity of employees are d iscussed as well. Detailed analysis of the key issues highlighted in the videos is explained in the context of relevant theories and theoretical perspectives so as to determine the issues in detail and in depth. The company is constantly in operation twenty-four hours a day and seven days a calendar week so as to provide the product to its company. Obviously, the teams work in shifts and have different routines. The company deeds hard for providing the users of its products with a continuing improved interface so as to attract potential users and existing stakeholders. The pressure upon the employees is intense so as to continue with the development and research regarding the perception of the users (Matthew, 2008). The interfaces designed are to facilitate the user in various manners where the access and easy operation along with the management of the parts of the product is aimed. The employees of the company are extremely focused upon improving the user interface technique an d are continuously in the discussion for the issue.

PROPOSAL ON CLOUD STORAGE SERVICE Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

ON CLOUD STORAGE SERVICE - Research Proposal ExampleMoreover, the proposal pass on includes indication of the main idea of the Cloud Storage Service that will allow the individuals, professionals, and organizations to understand various technicalities and processes associated with the proposed service. Lastly, the research proposal includes identification and discussion of anticipated benefits for organizations along with brief conclusion of the proposal. It is anticipation of the researcher that the proposed idea will be very beneficial for organizations and will facilitate them in improving and enhancing their divergent processes and procedures by managing huge volumes of data effectively. INTRODUCTION Due to economics of scale, cloud storage is work that argon inexpensive and more consistent than services directly instructionled by the end user. Nonetheless, they as wellspring raise several security and confidentiality issues, as big suppliers become entrusted with mass of potentially sensitive records.... iers resources to answer custom applications and SaaS (Software as a Service), where clients utilize software that functions on the suppliers bag (Sandrs, p. 10). Cloud storage services generally come under classification as either head-to-head or public. Within a private cloud, the infrastructure is controlled and held by the client and positioned on-premise - to be precise, indoors the clients region of control. Especially, this indicates that access to customer records is within its control and is simply in the hands of trusted parties. Within a public cloud, the infrastructure is held and supervise by a cloud supplier and is positioned within the suppliers area of control. This indicates that client records are outside its control and un-trusted parties could potentially use it. Storage services founded on public clouds offer clients with scalable, as well as dynamic storage. Because of shifting their records to the cloud, clientele can avo id the expenditure of building and keeping a private storage infrastructure, choosing instead to pay a supplier as a function of its requirements. For the majority of clients, this offers sooner a lot of advantages together with accessibility - being capable to access records from everywhere - and trustworthiness - not having to be afraid of backups - at a comparatively lesser cost. Although the advantages of utilizing a public cloud infrastructure are obvious, it initiates considerable safety and confidentiality threats. Actually, it appears that the major obstacle to the implementation of cloud storage is concerned most the privacy and reliability of records. Whereas, until now, clients have been ready to trade privacy for the ease of software services, this is not the example for businesses and governments

Monetary System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

pecuniary System - Essay ExampleIn. order to compensate with the needs, they allow to buy currencies which are more recognize in the world and with this, they need a larger volume of their monetary resources in which they will have to spend wonderful amount just to meet or purchase a certain currency. By doing so, the value of their currency will be more likely affected and it may cause sudden change of the prices of basic goods and commodities. To add to that, if they do have a lesser monetary value, that certain artless might resort in money in some monetary agencies in both topical anesthetic and world(prenominal). Having this practice will ease or lessen the burden of a certain unpolished with regards to their monetary scheme. However, if that certain debt would not be paid off immediately or given proper attention, therefore it would be another factor in weakening the value of a certain currency. The refer country will further focus in turn overing off their debts an d with this it will similarly need tremendous amount of money in terms of payment of the principal as well as the interest. If the concerned party would pay for their debts, it will need tremendous amount of money and the inflation rate would also rise, as the value of their money would be further weakened. ... If this happens, the economy of that certain government would face stagnancy in which their economy would rely on loans and debts made by the government. The question is, if there comes a time that this government would not be able to lend a new one, how would they be able to pay their obligations and deliver the needs of its constituents. Then, it would be more difficult for that government to establish the stability of its currency. With this, it would more likely to produce another inflation and will lead to another depreciation of the value of their currency. Also, this would also involve that they would fail to pay their current obligations and with this they not be e ntitled for future loans in some international monetary institutions and this would really mean a serious bother. During these stages, prices of basic commodities will rise as prices in producing goods with the use of electricity, manpower, raw materials and the likes would also have their own highs and this would really mean a serious problem for that certain country. If the cost of production were high, then the burden would also be passed to the consumer, which will affect the prices of goods. Prices of transportation, communion and some related industries would not be spared in encountering such a scenario. This would also mean that the men would demand for higher wages to compensate their daily needs in which sometimes lead to blockage of the industries or field specialization that they are working. Without further production then there would be a little source of income for the country, there would be less tax payers, and will affect the revenue order of the government. W ith this, the government would be pressured to sell

The Role of Public Affairs in U.S. Military Operations Essay

The Role of normal personal business in U.S. Military Operations - Essay ExampleThe media has also improved the accuracy of account and allowed the audience to know their perspective. The benefit is especially important when there is an express need for the war machine to rapidly influence existence opinion such as at the outset of a military carry out so as to mobilize immediate public support.The relationship with the media was strained during the Vietnam War but subsequently the Department of Defense improved this relationship, which gave rise to the embedded media process. This had a positive effect on public opinion.In reality, conducting Public Affairs is a complicated task. It is a skill of the PAO to handle whatever kind of sensitive information and deal effectively with those who are informing and those are to be informed. The affair of PA is actually important in the age of real time news, and the public media has a very powerful influence and immediate effect su ch that army conduct can very good have strategic consequences.This research paper begins with a brief description of the office of Public Affairs and the role of the Public Affairs Officer, and then surveys the important role of Public Affairs in US military operations focusing on how public media has had a positive influence on the US Army. However, some problems and deficiencies are also highlighted. Finally, a case study focuses on the PA and media experience in the war against Iraq.The offices of Public Affairs are important branches of the US Department of Defense that deal with the public media as well as playing a community role. They comprise of not only military officers and enlisted personnel but also civilians.The role of the main Public Affairs Officer (PAO) is to develop a working relationship with reporters and different media representatives, maintaining a robust community relations program, keeping contact with other government agencies, and keepingits own interna l members and the general public informed on issues that may affect them (Wikipedia,

Virtual Reality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

realistic Reality - Research Paper ExampleAt some point in 1990s other terms related to VR appears such as, virtual(prenominal) surround or synthetic environment (Mario Gutierrez, F Vexo, & Thalmann,). practical(prenominal) reality is considered as the most powerful human- reck unrivalledr interface. However a number of TV shows, magazines, newspapers and discussions have described virtual reality in many different as, well as in confusing personal manners (Burdea & Coiffet, 2003). In terms of functionality, virtual reality is defined as the simulation of computer graphics in order to create the real looking manhood. The three Is of virtual reality is immersion, interaction and imagination (Burdea & Coiffet, 2003). Some people link virtual reality on the introduction of devices such as the head mounted displays also known as goggles are considered as the simulators however, in recent years virtual reality is not conducted via head mounted displays further it is done through h uge projection screens or desktop PCs (Burdea & Coiffet, 2003). In the same fashion, sensing gloves i.e. some other example of virtual reality device is now being replaced by the trackballs and joysticks. Hence, virtual reality cannot be defined on the basis of devices as, new devices are being manufactured and improvement in technology is being escalated every year therefore, replacing the previous technology and devices (Burdea & Coiffet, 2003). ... Display of organ reactions such as bleeding from an artery. Interactivity between objects such as surgical instruments and organs. Sensory feedback tactile and force feedback. Definition Virtual reality is defined as the transfer of information effortlessly, efficiently and fluently from the device to the operator by means of a well-organized man made computer interface. The specific components such as head-coupled virtual images, stereoscopic displays, hap tic interfaces and position-tracking systems characterize virtual reality as a technological system. Virtual reality as illustrated by Kalawsky as Virtual environments are synthetic sensory experiences that communicate physical and abstract components to a human operator and participant. The synthetic sensory experience is generated by a computer system that one day may present an interface to the human sensory systems that is indistinguishable from the real physical world (Beutel,). Another book named The Silicon Mirage defines virtual reality as Virtual reality is a way for humans to visualize, manipulate and interact with the computers and extremely complex data (Beutel,). The above definitions state that the virtual reality is a group of technologies as, well as the new example of human interaction and manipulation of information. In other words, virtual reality offers its users to navigate, act together in a three dimensional computer generated environment in actual era. History The history of virtual reality starts in the late 1960s. Virtual reality ( VR) was narrated as the multisensory simulation of the real world. Morton Heilig a cinematographer constructed a multisensory vehicle simulator in 1962 which was named as Sensorama (Mario Gutierrez,